Abstract

Adenoid hypertrophy is a common condition in which the adenoids, small pads of tissue at the back of the nasal cavity, become enlarged. It is the main cause of nasal obstruction in children. Persistent mouth breathing resulting from nasal obstruction can contribute to the development of cranio-facial abnormalities such as adenoid facies, also known as „long face syndrome“. Habitual mouth breathing is responsible for both immediate and long-term local and systemic effects. These effects impact an individual‘s growth and physical health in a variety of ways, including psychological, behavioural and cognitive aspects. The paediatrician plays a central role in the detection of mouth breathing as they are often the first to come into contact with young patients. They can recognise abnormalities and collaborate with other specialists, including dentists. The article aims to emphasise the importance and benefits of early and multidisciplinary intervention, including surgical, orthodontic and functional approaches. They allow the restoration of a physiological balance between the perioral muscles and the tongue and the acquisition of nasal and lip competence. Muscle control during the growth phase is crucial as muscle forces influence the direction of facial growth.

Key words: mouth breathing, adenoid hypertrophy, long face syndrome, adenoid facies, orofacial development