Ana Blejc Novak
Klinični oddelek za nefrologijo, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija

Damjana Ključevšek
Služba za radiologijo, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija in Medicinska fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana, Slovenija

Tina Plankar Srovin
Klinika za infekcijske bolezni in vročinska stanja, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija

Evita Pšeničny Ažman
Služba za radiologijo, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija

Gregor Novljan
Klinični oddelek za nefrologijo, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija in Medicinska fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana, Slovenija

Abstract

No single definition of complicated urinary tract infections in children exists. In the present article, complicated urinary tract infections were considered to manifest with a more severe clinical picture or occur in settings with associated risk factors. We present the clinical characteristics of focal nephritis, renal abscess, pyonephrosis, perirenal abscess, emphysematous pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and urinary tract infections associated with kidney stones or indwelling artificial material. They often develop in the presence of coexisting risk factors such as functional and anatomical anomalies of the urinary tract, indwelling artificial material (e.g., urinary catheter, percutaneous drainage tubes), recent intervention on the urinary tract, infection with multi-resistant microorganisms, hospital infections, and immunosuppressive treatment. This paper presents the diagnostic procedures and treatment options for complicated urinary tract infections, which may include surgical treatment.

Key words: urinary tract infections, complicated urinary tract infections, complications, diagnosis, treatment, children