A. Meglič
Klinični oddelek za nefrologijo, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni Klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija

R. Rus
Klinični oddelek za nefrologijo, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni Klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija

G. Novljan
Klinični oddelek za nefrologijo, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija

M. Kopač
Klinični oddelek za nefrologijo, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni Klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija

N. Battelino
Klinični oddelek za otroško nefrologijo, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija

T. Kersnik Levart
Klinični oddelek za nefrologijo, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija

Abstract

Haematuria is defined as the presence of blood in the urine. It can be macroscopic, meaning that the urine is red or brown in colour; while microscopic haematuria means only that there are an increased number of red blood cells in the urine, which is of normal colour. Microscopic haematuria is one of the most frequent incidental findings on laboratory testing at children’s regular preventative examinations. Haematuria can be a completely benign sign, or indicate a serious kidney disorder. In this article, the diagnostic work-up of haematuria is pre-sented, with the authors describing the methods for establishing or confirming haematuria, and for establishing its source and aetiology. This is followed by two basic algorithms proposed for the diagnostic work-up of chil-dren with microscopic and macroscopic haematuria. Clinical indicators for the differential diagnostic work-up and treatment of a child with haematuria and proteinuria, then finally, the treatment of haematuria, are presented.

Key words: microscopic haematuria, macroscopic haematuria, children.