M. Vozlič
Klinični oddelek za endokrinologijo, diabetes in presnovne bolezni, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija

B. Murn Berkopec
Klinični oddelek za endokrinologijo, diabetes in presnovne bolezni, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija

N. Bratanič
Klinični oddelek za endokrinologijo, diabetes in bolezni presnove, Pediatrična klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana

Abstract

Bone mineral density (BMD) testing is a clinical tool used to diagnose osteoporosis or low bone density, predict fracture risk, monitor changes in bone density over time, assist treatment decision-making, and as a follow-up response to treatment. Several factors influence bone mineral density: genetics, nutrition, physical activity, growth and pubertal development. In childhood and adolescence a very important factor leading to low bone mineral density are chronic inflammatory diseases and their treatment. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most reliable way of evaluating bone fracture risk. It is simple to perform, with short scan times, low radiation dose, good measurement precision and low costs. To obtain reliable results the patient must lie still throughout the procedure, hence psychological and physical preparation of the child and adolescent for the investigation is very important.

Key words: bone mineral density, osteoporosis, DXA, children, adolescents.