Abstract

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the commonest congenital anomalies and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in children. They can usually be detected prenatally by ultrasound. They can be unilateral or bilateral and the same child can have several CAKUT at the same time. Congenital anomalies of other organs are often found and are described in numerous syndromes. CAKUT can be divided into congenital anomalies of the renal parenchyma, of migration and of the collecting system. These anomalies are described in this review article in this order.

Key words: hydronephrosis, dysplasia, hypoplasia, ectopia, cysts.